Babak Shadgan

Dr. Babak Shadgan, MD, MSc, PhD, FSPIE, is a medical doctor specialized in Sports and Exercise Medicine, graduated from the Queen Mary College of the University of London with a Ph.D. in Experimental Medicine / Muscle Biophysics from the University of British Columbia (UBC). He completed an AO/ASIF Fellowship in Osteosynthesis at the “Center for Diagnosis and Out-patient Surgery”, Freiburg, Germany, and a fellowship on NIRS-Diffused Optical Tomography at Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging of Harvard University. His postdoctoral fellowship at ICORD was focused on remote optical monitoring of muscle dysfunction in people with spinal cord injury.

Dr. Babak Shadgan is a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (MSFHR) Scholar, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Orthopaedics at the UBC, an Associate faculty member at the UBC School of Biomedical Engineering, and a Principal Investigator at the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), where he is directing the Implantable Biosensing Laboratory.  

Dr. Shadgan is a Fellow, an instructor, and a conference chair at the International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE). He is an advocator of multidisciplinary networking and collaborations between biomedical engineering and clinical scientists for innovative and applied technology development in medicine. 

As an Olympic Sports Physician, leading Medical & Anti-Doping Commission of the International Olympic-Styles Wrestling (UWW), Dr. Shadgan has been serving elite athletes at world championships and Olympic Games since 2002.

With more than two decades of experience in medical practice and biomedical engineering research, Dr. Shadgan has established expertise in clinical biophotonics and in the development of advanced wearable and implantable multimodal biosensing technologies. His research follows a translational philosophy, bridging discoveries from bedside to bench and back to the clinic, ensuring that innovations directly address patient and clinical needs.

Currently, his work focuses on the design and development of transcutaneous and implantable biosensors and therapeutic interventions for continuous monitoring of critical physiological functions. These include skeletal muscle activity, spinal cord hemodynamics and nerve conduction, bone fracture healing, viability of free tissue flaps, transplant monitoring, internal organ perfusion, and metabolic function.

Dr. Shadgan has made significant contributions to the technical advancement and clinical application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and near-infrared imaging (NIRI). These optical techniques use near-infrared light to penetrate living tissues and measure photon absorption and scattering by chromophores. By tracking changes in oxygen delivery, consumption, and regional hemodynamics, NIRS and NIRI enable non-invasive, real-time insights into tissue physiology without disrupting or damaging tissue.

The ability to analyze optical signals provides unique information about tissue health, especially during acute injuries or postoperative recovery. For example, in acute spinal cord injury, impaired blood flow and oxygenation can exacerbate neural damage. Enhancing perfusion and oxygenation in this critical window can mitigate long-term complications. Non-invasive monitoring with NIRS and NIRI offers transformative potential for guiding acute management and recovery strategies.

Through his research program, Dr. Shadgan is committed to advancing technologies that enable precise, continuous, and personalized monitoring of health and disease. His work seeks to close the gap between clinical needs and technological innovation, delivering next-generation tools for monitoring oxygenation, hemodynamics, metabolism, and tissue function in real time.

Education

  • PhD, Experimental Medicine / Muscle Biophysics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (2006 – 2011)
  • Post-Graduate Diploma, Football Sports Medicine, Football Association, England (2002-2004)
  • MSc, Sports Medicine, University of London, London, England (2000 – 2001)
  • MD, Azad University – Tehran Medical School, Tehran, Iran (1987 – 1994)

Affiliations

  • Scholar, Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research
  • Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, UBC
  • Associate Faculty, School of Biomedical Engineering, UBC
  • Primary Investigator, International Collaborations on Repair Discoveries (ICORD)
  • Associate Faculty, Department of Pathology and Medical Laboratories, UBC
  • Staff Scientist, Vancouver Acute, Vancouver General Hospital
  • Fellow, The International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE)
  • Affiliated Faculty Member, School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria
  • Chairman, Medical Commission, International Federation of Olympic Wrestling Styles (UWW)

Active Professional Membership

  • International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE) – Life Time Member 
  • Bionics Network, University of British Columbia, Principal Investigator Member 
  • Resuscitation Research Cluster, University of British Columbia, Partner Member 
  • The Texas Instruments Expert Advisory Panel (TI) – Invited Expert Member 
  • The Centre of Excellence for Simulation Education and Innovation (CESEI) 
  • Associate Member, Peter Wall Centre for Advanced Studies, UBC
  • Canadian National Transplant Research Program (CNTRP) 
  • Canadian Orthopaedic Association (COA) 
  • AO-International Spine 
  • The Society for Neuroscience (SFN) 
  • University of British Columbia, Alumni 
  • University of London, Convocation 

Awards & Recognition

  • UBC Faculty of Medicine Outstanding Academic Performance Award, 2023.
  • 2023 Project Grant, Canadian Institute of Health Sciences, 2023.
  • 2023 Translational Research Award, Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs, 2023.
  • IOC Appreciation Certificate, International Olympic Committee, Tokyo Olympic Games, 2021.
  • Appreciation Certificate, Journal of Electronic Imaging, 2021.
  • Appreciation Certificate, Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2021.
  • Own the Podium Research Award, 2020.
  • Wall Solutions Award, Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies, 2020.
  • Community Champion Award, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2020.
  • New Faculty Award, UBC Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, Canada, 2019.
  • Rick Hansen Institute Best & Brightest Award, 2019.
  • Scholar Award, Michael Smith Foundation & Rick Hansen Foundation, Canada, 2018.
  • Innovation Research Award, Canadian Urological Association, 2017.
  • NSERC Engage Research Award, Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada, 2017.
  • Innovation and Translational Research Award, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 2017.
  • Innovator’s Challenge Award, Lumira Capital, Vancouver, Canada, 2017.
  • Academic Achievement Award, Isfahan Medical Sciences University, Iran, 2017.
  • NSERC Engage Research Award, Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada, 2016.
  • Transitional Research Award, Department of Defense Medical Research Program, USA, 2016.
  • IOC Appreciation Certificate, International Olympic Committee, 2016 Rio Olympic Games, 2016.
  • NSERC Engage Research Award, Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada, 2015.
  • Postdoctoral Award, Canadian Institute of Health, Canada, 2013.
  • Postdoctoral Award, Eye’s High Program, University of Calgary, Canada, 2013.
  • Technology Innovation World Cup, Munich, Germany, 2013.
  • Research & Travel Award, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, 2013.
  • IOC Appreciation Certificate, International Olympic Committee, 2012 London Olympic Games, 2012.
  • BIOS Start-Up Challenge Award, International Society of Photonics and Optics (SPIE), 2012.
  • Best Poster Award, 87th Annual Meeting West Section American Urologic Association, 2011.
  • Postdoctoral Award, Michael Smith Foundation & Rick Hansen Foundation, Canada, 2011.
  • Best Poster Award, Annual Meeting of American Urologic Association (AUA), 2011.
  • 2010 D.J. Lovell Award, International Society of Photonics and Optics (SPIE), 2010.
  • 2010 DHRN Research Award, The Disabilities Health Research Network, Canada, 2010.
  • IOC Appreciation Certificate, International Olympic Committee, Vancouver Olympic Games, 2010.
  • 2009 VCHRI Rising Star Award, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Canada, 2009.
  • IOC Appreciation Certificate, International Olympic Committee, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 2008.
  • Best Poster Award, Annual Meeting of American Urologic Association (AUA), 2008.
  • Senior Graduate Trainee Award, Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research, 2007.
  • National Award, IRI Physical Education Organization, 2005.
  • IOC Appreciation Certificate, International Olympic Committee, 2004 Athens Olympic Games, 2004.
  • National Award, IRI Sports Medicine Federation, 2003.
  • Young Investigator Award, the XXVII FIMS World Congress of Sports Medicine, 2002.
  • J. B. King Prize, The Gold Award, University of London, England, 2001.

Teaching

  • BMEG-511: Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology in Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, UBC.
  • BMEG-597: Master of Engineering Project Internship, School of Biomedical Engineering, UBC.
  • BMEG-554: Directed Study on Clinical NIRS, School of Biomedical Engineering, UBC.
  • MEDI-548: Directed Study on Biosensing, Experimental Medicine Program, UBC.
  • SC-1205: Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology in Optical Diagnostics, SPIE.

Research Interests & Activities

Biomedical Engineering
Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine

Publications

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Shadgan+B&cauthor_id=23671516

https://scholar.google.ca/citations?user=JPhl6kcAAAAJ&hl=en&inst=17001591832933267808&oi=sra

Publications

  1. Hutton J, Grunau B, Askari Z, Christenson J, Khalili M, Kuo C, Lingawi S, Morisson L, Nourizadeh M, Puyat JH, Sekhon M, Shadgan B, Sobolev B. Design projections for prospective studies evaluating the clinical effectiveness of cardiac arrest detection technologies. Resuscitation. 2025 Jun 13:110681. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110681. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40517937.
  2. Nourizadeh M, Saremi Y, Pirhadi Rad AP, Mortezanezhad S, Tehrani IA, Bégin J, Juricic M, Mulpuri K, Shadgan B. Evaluating the intensity of muscle contraction by near-infrared spectroscopy, a potential application for scaling muscle spasm. Journal of Biophotonics. 2025; e70020. doi:10.1002/jbio.70020.
  3. Khalili M, Lingawi S, Hutton J, Fordyce CB, Christenson J, Shadgan B, Grunau B, Kuo C. Detecting cardiac states with wearable photoplethysmograms and implications for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest detection. Scientific Reports. 2024 Oct 5;14(1):23185. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-74117-w. PMID: 39369015.
  4. Shadgan B, Nourizadeh M, Saremi Y, Baktash L, Lazarevic S. Enhancing upper extremity muscle strength in individuals with spinal cord injury using low-intensity blood flow restriction exercise. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2024 Sep 24;56:jrm40608. doi:10.2340/jrm.v56.40608. PMID: 39315626.
  5. Wyss J, Saremi Y, Begin J, Madden J, Shadgan B. Development of a pressure injury prevention algorithm using NIRS and ultrasound. Journal of Wound Care. 2024 Sep 2;33(9):674. doi:10.12968/jowc.2024.0205. PMID: 39287035.
  6. Rein PL, Molnár Sz, Filipov R, Cikiriz N, Shadgan B. Small intestine perforation in an elite wrestler: a case report. Journal of Surgical Case Reports and Images. 2024;7(4). doi:10.31579/2690-1897/207.
  7. Shadgan B, Butskiy O. Intraoperative near-infrared spectroscopy can predict skin flap necrosis. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open. 2024 Sep 10;12(9):e6155. doi:10.1097/GOX.0000000000006155.
  8. Lingawi S, Hutton J, Khalili M, Dainty KN, Grunau B, Shadgan B, Christenson J, Kuo C. Wearable devices for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a population survey on the willingness to adhere. Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open. 2024 Aug 25;5(5):e13268. doi:10.1002/emp2.13268.
  9. Park J, Nguyen T, Park S, Hill B, Shadgan B, Gandjbakhche A. Two-stream convolutional neural networks for breathing pattern classification: real-time monitoring of respiratory disease patients. Bioengineering. 2024;11(7):709. doi:10.3390/bioengineering11070709.
  10. Nourizadeh M, Shadgan B, Abbasidezfouli S, Juricic M, Mulpuri K. Methods of muscle spasticity assessment in children with cerebral palsy: a scoping review. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2024;19:401. doi:10.1186/s13018-024-04894-7.
  11. Shadgan B, Molavi N, Abaeva E, Falahati S, Sikimic S, Konstantinou L, Molnar S. Wrestling injuries during the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2024 Jul 25;58(15):818-825. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-108056. PMID: 38889958.
  12. Lingawi S, Hutton J, Khalili M, Shadgan B, Christenson J, Grunau B, Kuo C. Cardiorespiratory sensors and their implications for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest detection: a systematic review. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2024. doi:10.1007/s10439-024-03442-y.
  13. Hutton J, Grunau B, Asamoah-Boaheng M, Christenson J, Khalili M, Kuo C, Lingawi S, Puyat JH, Shadgan B, Sobolev B. The effect of recognition on survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and implications for biosensor technologies. Resuscitation. 2023;109906. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109906.
  14. Park J, Mah AJ, Nguyen T, Park S, Ghazi Zadeh L, Shadgan B, Gandjbakhche AH. Modification of a conventional deep learning model to classify simulated breathing patterns: a step toward real-time monitoring of patients with respiratory infectious diseases. Sensors. 2023;23(12):5592. doi:10.3390/s23125592.
  15. Raschdorf K, Mohseni A, Hogle K, Cheung A, Manouchehri N, So K, Khalili M, Lingawi S, Grunau B, Kuo C, Christenson J, Shadgan B. Evaluation of transcutaneous near-infrared spectroscopy for early detection of cardiac arrest in an animal model. Scientific Reports. 2023;13:4537. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-31637-1.
  16. Mah AJ, Nguyen T, Ghazi Zadeh L, Shadgan A, Khaksari K, Nourizadeh M, Zaidi A, Park S, Gandjbakhche AH, Shadgan B. Optical monitoring of breathing patterns and tissue oxygenation: a potential application in COVID-19 screening and monitoring. Sensors. 2022;22(19):7274. doi:10.3390/s22197274.
  17. Hutton J, Lingawi S, Puyat J, Kuo C, Shadgan B, Christenson J, Grunau B. Sensor technologies to detect out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review of diagnostic test performance. Resuscitation Plus. 2022;11:100277. doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100277.
  18. Cheung A, Tu L, Macnab A, Kwon BK, Shadgan B. Detection of hypoxia by near-infrared spectroscopy and pulse oximetry: a comparative study. Journal of Biomedical Optics. 2022;27(7):077001. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.27.7.077001.
  19. Frank G, Askari S, Raschdorf K, Khosravi S, Kwon BK, Shadgan B. The effects of silicone enclosure colour on the function of optical sensors. Biology. 2022 Jun 19;11(6):932. doi:10.3390/biology11060932. PMID: 35741453; PMCID: PMC9220147.
  20. Ambrus M, Lacza Zs, Molnár Sz, Shadgan B, Kőrösi É, Jenei M, Mensch K. Efficacy of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) safety protocol at the 2021 Wrestling European Olympic Games Qualifier organized in Budapest. Physical Education, Sport, Science. 2022;1-2:37-42. doi:10.21846/TST.2022.1-2.4.
  21. Molnár S, Hunyad Z, Gáspár K, Szerb I, Szabó N, Körösi É, Bacskai K, Sántha ÁK, Janka EA, Shadgan B. Moderate and severe injuries at five international Olympic-style wrestling tournaments during 2016–2019. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2022;21:74-81. doi:10.52082/jssm.2022.74.
  22. Mah AJ, Ghazi Zadeh L, Khoshnam Tehrani M, Askari S, Gandjbakhche AH, Shadgan B. Studying the accuracy and function of different thermometry techniques for measuring body temperature. Biology. 2021;10(12):1327. doi:10.3390/biology10121327.
  23. Ramella-Roman JC, Gandjbakhche AH, Kanick SC, Shadgan B, Tromberg BJ. Special section guest editorial: Wearable, implantable, mobile, and remote biomedical optics and photonics. Journal of Biomedical Optics. 2021;26(6):062701. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.26.6.062701.
  24. Khaksari K, Nguyen T, Hill B, Quang T, Perreault J, Gorti V, Malpani R, Blick E, González Cano T, Shadgan B, Gandjbakhche AH. A review of the efficacy of infrared thermography for screening infectious diseases with applications to COVID-19. Journal of Medical Imaging. 2021;8(S1):010901. doi:10.1117/1.JMI.8.S1.010901.
  25. Khatra O, Shadgan A, Taunton J, Pakravan A, Shadgan B. A bibliometric analysis of top-cited articles in sports and exercise medicine. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021;9(1):2325967120969902. doi:10.1177/2325967120969902.
  26. Basoudan N, Rodrigues A, Guenette J, Shadgan B, Reid WD. Scalene and sternocleidomastoid activation during normoxic and hypoxic incremental inspiratory loading. Physiological Reports. 2020 Jul;8(14):e14522. doi:10.14814/phy2.14522.
  27. Cheung A, Tu L, Manuchehri N, Kim KT, So K, Webster M, Fisk S, Tigchelaar S, Dalkilic S, Sayre E, Streijger F, Macnab A, Kwon B, Shadgan B. Continuous optical monitoring of spinal cord oxygenation and hemodynamics during the first seven days post-injury in a porcine model of acute spinal cord injury. Journal of Neurotrauma. 2020 Nov 1;37(21):2292-2301. doi:10.1089/neu.2020.7086.
  28. Molnár S, Hunya Z, Pavlik A, Bozsik A, Shadgan B, Maffulli N. SLAP lesion and injury of the proximal portion of long head of biceps tendon in elite amateur wrestlers. Indian Journal of Orthopaedics. 2020;54(3):310-316. doi:10.1007/s43465-020-00041-6.
  29. Newton E, Butskiy O, Shadgan B, Anderson DW. Outcomes of free flap reconstructions with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring: a systematic review. Microsurgery. 2020 Feb;40(2):268-275. doi:10.1002/micr.30526.
  30. Rashnavadi T, Macnab A, Cheung A, Kwon BK, Shadgan B. Monitoring spinal cord hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation: a review of the literature with special focus on the near-infrared spectroscopy technique. Spinal Cord. 2019;57:617–625. doi:10.1038/s41393-019-0304-2.
  31. Shadgan B, Macnab A, Fong A, Manouchehri N, So K, Shortt K, Streijger F, Cripton P, Sayre E, Guy D, Pagano R, Kim K, Kwon BK. Optical assessment of spinal cord tissue oxygenation using a miniaturized near-infrared spectroscopy sensor. Journal of Neurotrauma. 2019 Nov 1;36(21):3034-3043. doi:10.1089/neu.2018.6208.
  32. Shadgan B, Pakravan AH, Hones A, Reid D. The effects of contrast baths application on intramuscular hemodynamics and oxygenation, as monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Athletic Training. 2018 Aug;53(8):782-787. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-127-17.
  33. Shadgan B, Molnar S, Sikmic S, Chahi A. Wrestling injuries during the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2017;51:387. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.262.
  34. Shadgan B, Khodaee M. Smart clothing is the best protection against Zika during Rio Olympic and Paralympic Games. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2016;26(4):345-346. doi:10.1097/JSM.0000000000000365. PMID:27359297.
  35. Shadgan B, Pakravan A, Kohan HZ, Shahpar FM, Khodaee M. Zika and Rio Olympic Games. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2016;15(4):298-300. doi:10.1249/JSR.0000000000000278.
  36. Reid WD, Sheel AW, Shadgan B, Garland SJ, Road JD. Recruitment and deoxygenation of selected respiratory and skeletal muscles during incremental loading in stable COPD patients. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention. 2016;36(4):279-287. doi:10.1097/HCR.0000000000000185.
  37. Basoudan N, Shadgan B, Guenette JA, Road J, Reid WD. Effect of acute hypoxia on inspiratory muscle oxygenation during incremental inspiratory loading in healthy adults. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2016;116(4):841-850. doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3334-x.
  38. Shadgan B, Nigro M, Macnab A, Fareghi M, Stothers L, Sharifirad L, Kajbafzadeh AM. Optical diagnosis of lower urinary tract infection: a pilot study in children. Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2015;11(2):74.e1-7. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.01.008.
  39. Macnab A, Shadgan B, Molavi B, Stothers L. Transcutaneous NIRS of the bladder: optimal photon migration in pigmented subjects. Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging. 2015;4(3):283-297. doi:10.3233/BSI-150117.
  40. Khodaee M, Olewinski L, Shadgan B, Kiningham RB. Rapid weight loss in sports with weight classes. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2015;14(6):435-441. doi:10.1249/JSR.0000000000000206.
  41. Shadgan B, Pakravan A, Reid WD, Hones A. Effects of local cold spray on subcutaneous and intramuscular blood flow and oxygenation. Journal of Athletic Training. 2015;50(8):800-805. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-50.6.02.
  42. Shadgan B, Pereira G, Menon M, Jafari S, Reid WD, O’Brien PJ. Risk factors for acute compartment syndrome of the leg associated with tibial diaphyseal fractures in adults. Journal of Orthopaedic Traumatology. 2015;16(3):185-192. doi:10.1007/s10195-014-0330-y.
  43. Seyedian S, Kajbafzadeh AM, Sharifi-Rad L, Shadgan B, Fan E. Management of non-neuropathic underactive bladder in children with voiding dysfunction by animated biofeedback: a randomized clinical trial. Urology. 2015;85(1):205-210. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2014.09.025.
  44. Shadgan B, Fareghi M, Macnab A, Stothers L, Kajbafzadeh AM. Diagnosis of testicular torsion using near-infrared spectroscopy: a novel diagnostic approach. Canadian Urological Association Journal. 2014;8(3-4):249-253. doi:10.5489/cuaj.1672.
  45. Eshraghi A, Abu Osman NA, Gholizadeh H, Sadeeq A, Shadgan B. One hundred top-cited scientific papers in limb prosthetics. BioMedical Engineering Online. 2013;12:119. doi:10.1186/1475-925X-12-119.
  46. Shadgan B, Macnab A, Stothers L. Monitoring detrusor hemodynamics during bladder filling. Neurourology and Urodynamics. 2013;32(2):156-157. doi:10.1002/nau.22309.
  47. Molavi B, Shadgan B, Macnab A, Dumont G. Non-invasive optical monitoring of bladder filling to capacity using a wireless NIRS device. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems. 2014;8(3):325-333. doi:10.1109/TBCAS.2013.2272013.
  48. Macnab AJ, Shadgan B, Stothers L, Afshar K. Ambulant monitoring of bladder oxygenation and hemodynamics using wireless near-infrared spectroscopy. Canadian Urological Association Journal. 2013;7(1-2):E98-104. doi:10.5489/cuaj.271.
  49. Macnab A, Shadgan B, Stothers L. Validation of transcutaneous NIRS monitoring of bladder hemodynamics and oxygenation using a rabbit model. Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging. 2013;2(2):91-99. doi:10.3233/BSI-130038.
  50. Shadgan B, Reid WD, Harris L, Power S, Jafari S, O’Brien PJ. Monitoring of tourniquet-induced skeletal muscle injury by near-infrared spectroscopy during orthopedic trauma surgery. Journal of Biomedical Optics. 2012;17(8):081408. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.17.8.081408.
  51. Macnab AJ, Shadgan B. Biomedical applications of wireless continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy. Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging. 2012;1:205–222. doi:10.3233/BSI-2012-0018.
  52. Macnab AJ, Feldman B, Shadgan B, Stothers L. Anatomic and physiologic characteristics of the bladder suiting near-infrared spectroscopic evaluation of voiding pathology. Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging. 2012;1:223–235. doi:10.3233/BSI-2012-0020.
  53. Stothers L, Shadgan B, Macnab AJ. Near-infrared spectroscopy of the detrusor during urodynamics with simultaneous ultrasound measurements of bladder dimensions and position. Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging. 2012;1(2):137–145. doi:10.3233/BSI-2012-0012.
  54. Macnab AJ, Stothers L, Shadgan B. Monitoring detrusor oxygenation and hemodynamics non-invasively during dysfunctional voiding. Advances in Urology. 2012;2012:676303. doi:10.1155/2012/676303.
  55. Macnab AJ, Shadgan B, Stothers L. The evolution of wireless near-infrared spectroscopy applications in urology and rationale for clinical use. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy. 2012;20:57-73. doi:10.1255/jnirs.963.
  56. Macnab AJ, Stothers L, Shadgan B. Ambulant monitoring of bladder oxygenation and hemodynamics using wireless near-infrared spectroscopy. Canadian Urological Association Journal. 2013;7(1-2):E98-E104. doi:10.5489/cuaj.271.
  57. Shadgan B, Macnab A, Stothers L. Concordance of near-infrared spectroscopy with pressure flow studies in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Journal of Urology. 2012;187(1):359-360. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2011.09.022.
  58. Shadgan B, Guenette J, Sheel AW, Reid D. Sternocleidomastoid muscle oxygenation and hemodynamic response to incremental inspiratory threshold loading measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. 2011;178(2):202-209. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2011.06.001.
  59. Macnab A, Stothers L, Shadgan B. Becket, the brain, and the bladder: NIRS and urologists. European Urology. 2011;59:763–764. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2011.06.024.
  60. Molnár SL, Lang P, Farkasházi M, Shadgan B. Dislocation of the ulnar nerve in elite wrestler: case report. BMJ Case Reports. 2011. doi:10.1136/bcr.02.2011.3806.
  61. Macnab A, Shadgan B, Afshar K, Stothers L. Near-infrared spectroscopy of the bladder: new parameters for evaluating voiding dysfunction. International Journal of Spectroscopy. 2011;2011:814179. doi:10.1155/2011/814179.
  62. Shadgan B, Roig M, Hajghanbari B. The authors respond. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2010 Dec;91(12):1961-1962.
  63. Molavi B, Dumont G, Shadgan B. Motion artifact removal from muscle NIR spectroscopy measurements. In: 2010 23rd Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE). 2010:1-4. doi:10.1109/CCECE.2010.5575241.
  64. Lefaivre KA, Shadgan B, O’Brien PJ. One hundred most cited articles in orthopaedic surgery. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2011;469(5):1487-1497. doi:10.1007/s11999-010-1604-1.
  65. Shadgan B, Menon M, Sanders D, O’Brien PJ. Current thinking about acute compartment syndrome of the lower extremity. Canadian Journal of Surgery. 2010;53(5):329-334. PMCID: PMC2947124.
  66. Shadgan B, Feldman BJ, Jafari S. Wrestling injuries during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2010;38(9):1870-1876. doi:10.1177/0363546510369291.
  67. Shadgan B, Roig M, Ghanbari B, Reid D. Top cited articles in rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2010;91(5):806-815. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.01.011.
  68. Lefaivre KA, Guy P, O’Brien PJ, Blachut PA, Shadgan B, Broekhuyse HM. Leading 20 at 20: top cited articles and authors in the Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 1987-2007. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2010;24(1):53-58. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e3181aa2182.
  69. Shadgan B, Reid WD, Gharakhanlou R, Stothers L, Macnab A. Wireless near-infrared spectroscopy of skeletal muscle oxygenation and hemodynamics during exercise and ischemia. Spectroscopy. 2009;23(5):233-241. doi:10.3233/SPE-2009-0391.
  70. Stothers L, Shadgan B, Macnab A. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS): dynamic topography of the human bladder during voiding. Journal of Biomedical Optics. 2009;14(2):020507. doi:10.1117/1.3122886.
  71. Stothers L, Shadgan B, Macnab A. Urologic applications of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Canadian Journal of Urology. 2008;15(6):4399-4409. PMID: 19046493.
  72. Shadgan B, Stothers L, Macnab A. A transvaginal probe for NIRS monitoring of the bladder detrusor muscle and urethral sphincter. Spectroscopy. 2008;22(6):429-436. doi:10.3233/SPE-2008-0367.
  73. Roig M, O’Brien K, Kirk G, Murray R, Shadgan B, Reid WD. The effects of eccentric versus concentric resistance training on muscle strength, mass, and fibre characteristics in healthy adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009;43(8):556-568. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.051417.
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